Adjective and its Types

 Lecture on Adjective

Prepared by Sir Javaid 

What is a Thing?

A "thing" refers to any object, person, or concept. It can be anything we see, touch, or even think about. A pen, a dog, a chair, or a feeling like happiness are all examples of "things."

Beta, jab hum "thing" kehte hain, iska matlab hai koi bhi cheez. Ye koi bhi cheez ho sakti hai jo hum dekh sakte hain, jaise kursi, qalam ya kutta. Ya phir koi aisi cheez jo hum mehsoos karte hain, jaise khushi, dukh, gussa. Samajh gaye? So, har cheez jo hum dekh ya mehsoos kar sakte hain, usay hum "thing" kehte hain. Ye humari zindagi ke har hisay mein hoti hain, har jagah maujood hoti hain, bas unhein samajhne ke liye humein alfaz chahiye hotay hain.

Now, har "thing" yaani har cheez ki kuch khasiyat hoti hain, jin se hum samajh sakte hain ke wo cheez kaisi hai. For example, agar aapke paas ek qalam hai, to aap kaise bataenge ke wo qalam kaisa hai? Kya uska rang blue hai? Ya phir wo chhoti ya bari hai? Ye sari khasiyatain hum adjectives ke zariye batate hain.

Dekho bachon, jab hum kehte hain ke "meri qalam blue hai" ya "ye kursi bari hai," to hum ye kis cheez ka izhar kar rahe hote hain? Hum is cheez ka izhar karte hain ke wo cheez kaisi hai. Samajh aayi? Hum wo lafz use karte hain jo kisi cheez ka rang, size, shape ya number batayein. In lafzon ko hum adjectives kehte hain. Acha ab socho ke agar hum adjectives na use karein, to hum kaise describe karenge ke cheez kaise hai? Samajh mein mushkil ho jata, hai na?

What is an Adjective?

An adjective is a word that describes a noun or pronoun. It tells us more about the quality, color, size, shape, age, number, or condition of something.

Adjective kya hota hai? Ye wo lafz hai jo humein kisi bhi noun, yaani cheez ya shakhs ke bare mein zyada maloomat deta hai. For example, agar main kehta hoon "wo larka lamba hai," to "lamba" ek adjective hai jo bata raha hai ke larka kaisa hai. Samajh rahe ho? Adjective humein ye batate hain ke koi cheez kis rang ki hai, kitni bari hai, kitni purani ya nai hai, aur kitni hai. Acha socho, agar hum adjective ka use na karein, to hum kaise samjhaenge ke cheez kaisi hai? For example, agar main kehta hoon "mere paas ek qalam hai," lekin uska rang, size, kuch nahi batata, to aapko samajhne mein mushkil hogi na? Adjectives is mushkil ko door karte hain!

Why Do We Use Adjectives?

Hum adjectives ko is liye use karte hain taake apni baat ko zyada clear aur detailed bana sakein. Jab hum simple kahte hain "main ne cake khaya," to wo sunne mein normal lagta hai. Lekin jab hum kehte hain "main ne ek delicious cake khaya," to ab sunne wale ko samajh aata hai ke cake kitna mazedar tha. Adjectives humein apni baat ko zyada zinda aur interesting banane mein madad dete hain.

Beta, adjectives hum is liye istemal karte hain taake jo baat hum keh rahe hain wo samajhne mein asani ho. Agar main sirf ye kahoon ke "main ne ek cake khaya," to kya aap samjheinge ke cake kaisa tha? Lekin jab main kehta hoon "main ne ek bohot mazedar (delicious) cake khaya," to ab aapko samajh aa gaya ke wo cake kitna acha tha. Isi tarah, agar main kahoon "mere paas 2 kitaabein hain," to aapko seedha seedha samajh aata hai ke meri kitaabein do hain. Adjectives ka kaam yehi hota hai ke wo humari baat ko complete aur clear bana dein.

Ab main aapko kuch misalein deta hoon, jisme adjectives use hotay hain. Har example mein dekhein ke kaise adjectives cheez ko describe kar rahe hain.

1. This is a red apple. (Red describe kar raha hai ke seb ka rang kya hai.)

2. She is a tall girl. (Tall batata hai ke larki kitni lambi hai.)

3. He has two books. (Two batata hai ke kitaabein kitni hain.)

4. The cake is delicious. (Delicious batata hai ke cake ka taste kaisa hai.)

5. It was a sunny day. (Sunny din ke mausam ke bare mein batata hai.)

6. That is a small house. (Small house ka size describe kar raha hai.)

7. She wore a new dress. (New dress ke halat yaani wo nayi hai, batata hai.)

8. They have three dogs. (Three dogs ke number ko batata hai.)

9. It is a round table. (Round table ki shape ke bare mein maloomat deta hai.)

10. He is an old man. (Old insaan ki umar ke bare mein batata hai.)

Dekho bachon, har sentence mein koi na koi adjective use ho raha hai jo humein cheezon ke bare mein zyada maloomat de raha hai. For example, "red apple" batata hai ke wo seb kis rang ka hai. Isi tarah, "small house" batata hai ke wo ghar kitna bara ya chhota hai. Aap bhi aise adjectives apni daily life mein use kar sakte ho taake apni baat zyada clear aur detailed banao.

Importance if Adjectives in English Grammar:

Adjectives zyada important iss liye hain kyun ke ye humein cheezon ko samajhne mein madad dete hain. Jab hum adjectives ko use karte hain, to humari sentences zyada behtr aur interesting lagte hain. Bina adjectives ke sentences boring aur samajhne mein mushkil lagte hain.

Beta, adjectives English grammar ka bohot important hissa hain. Ye humari zindagi ko samajhne aur explain karne mein madad karte hain. For example, agar aap sirf kehte hain "ye seb hai," to samajhne mein maza nahi aata, lekin agar aap kehte hain "ye lal seb hai," to samajhne wale ko seedha samajh aata hai ke seb kis rang ka hai. Adjectives zyada details dete hain aur sentences ko behtr banate hain. Samajh gaye?

Degrees of Adjectives:

Adjectives ki teen degrees hoti hain jo comparison show karte hain. Ab main aapko in teen degrees ke bare mein batata hoon:

1. Positive Degree: Ye simple adjective hota hai jo bas fact batata hai, bina kisi muqable ke. For example: tall, big, happy.

Example: He is tall. (Yahan koi muqabla nahi hai, bas bataya ja raha hai ke wo lamba hai.)

2. Comparative Degree: Jab hum do cheezon ka muqabla karte hain, to hum comparative degree use karte hain. For example: taller, bigger, happier.

Example: He is taller than his brother. (Yahan do logon ka muqabla ho raha hai.)

3. Superlative Degree: Jab hum teen ya us se zyada cheezon ka muqabla karte hain, to hum superlative degree use karte hain. For example: tallest, biggest, happiest.

Example: He is the tallest boy in the class. (Yahan poori class ka muqabla ho raha hai.)

Acha ab mai mazeed btata hun, 

Bachon, adjectives ki teen darje hote hain, jinhe hum degrees kehte hain. In se humein maloom hota hai ke hum ek cheez ko dosri cheez ke saath kaise compare kar rahe hain.

1. Positive Degree: Ye wo degree hai jab hum kisi cheez ko simply describe karte hain, bina kisi muqable ke. Jaise "Ali lamba hai." Bas fact bataya gaya, koi muqabla nahi hua.

2. Comparative Degree: Jab hum do cheezon ka muqabla karte hain, jaise "Ali apne bhai se lamba hai." Yahan hum do logon ko compare kar rahe hain.

3. Superlative Degree: Jab hum teen ya us se zyada cheezon ka muqabla karte hain, to hum superlative degree ka use karte hain. For example, agar class mein 30 bachay hain aur hum kehte hain ke "Ali class ka sabse lamba larka hai," to hum superlative degree ka use kar rahe hain. Yahan hum keh rahe hain ke poori class mein Ali sabse lamba hai. Aap samajh rahe hain na ke is degree ka use kab hota hai?

 Examples:

1. This flower is beautiful. (Positive)

2. This flower is more beautiful than that one. (Comparative)

3. This is the most beautiful flower in the garden. (Superlative)

4. Ali is smart. (Positive)

5. Ali is smarter than Bilal. (Comparative)

6. Ali is the smartest boy in the school. (Superlative)

7. The car is fast. (Positive)

8. The car is faster than the bike. (Comparative)

9. This is the fastest car in the race. (Superlative)

10. She is kind. (Positive)

Dekho bachon, in sentences mein har jagah adjective ka use hua hai, aur degrees bhi nazar aayi hain. Jaise "Ali smart hai" ye positive degree hai, bas simple fact bata diya. Jab hum kehte hain "Ali Bilal se smarter hai," to hum do logon ka muqabla kar rahe hain, ye comparative degree hai. Aur jab hum kehte hain "Ali sabse smart larka hai," to yahan hum keh rahe hain ke Ali sab mein sabse zyada smart hai, ye superlative degree hai. Aapko samajh aa gaya ke kaise in teen degrees ka use hota hai?

Beta, now I am going to tell you about types of Adjectives!

Types of Adjectives:

Ab hum adjectives ke mukhtalif types ke bare mein baat karte hain. Har type ka apna ek khaas maqsad hota hai.

1. Descriptive Adjectives: Ye wo adjectives hain jo kisi cheez ki quality ya khasiyat ko describe karte hain. Jaise big, small, happy, sad.

Example: "He has a big house." Yahan "big" describe kar raha hai ke ghar kitna bara hai.

Bachon, descriptive adjectives wo hote hain jo kisi bhi cheez ko describe karte hain, yaani wo cheez kaisi lagti hai, wo kaisi mehsoos hoti hai. Jaise "bari kursi" ya "mazedar khana," yahan bari aur mazedar wo lafz hain jo cheez ki khasiyat ko batate hain. Agar hum descriptive adjectives na use karein, to humein yeh samajhna mushkil ho jata hai ke cheez kaise dikhti ya mehsoos hoti hai.

2. Quantitative Adjectives: Ye adjectives humein batate hain ke koi cheez kitni hai, ya uski quantity kya hai. Jaise some, many, few.

Example: "She has many books." Yahan "many" batata hai ke kitaabein zyada hain.

Bachon, quantitative adjectives wo hote hain jo humein yeh batate hain ke kisi cheez ki taadaad kitni hai. For example, agar aap kehte hain ke "mere paas bohot si kitaabein hain," to "bohot si" ek quantitative adjective hai. Yani aap kitaabon ki taadaad ke bare mein baat kar rahe hain.

3. Demonstrative Adjectives: Ye adjectives kisi khas noun ko point out karte hain. Jaise this, that, these, those.

Example: "This car is mine." Yahan "this" batata hai ke kaunsi car hamari hai.

Bachon, demonstrative adjectives wo hote hain jo kisi khas cheez ko point out karte hain. Jaise "ye" aur "wo." Agar main kehta hoon "ye kitaab meri hai," to yahan "ye" ek demonstrative adjective hai jo khas kitaab ko point out kar raha hai.

4. Possessive Adjectives: Ye adjectives humein batate hain ke koi cheez kiski hai, yaani kis ki milkiyat mein hai. Jaise my, your, his, her.

Example: "This is my pen." Yahan "my" batata hai ke qalam meri hai.

Bachon, possessive adjectives wo hote hain jo kisi bhi cheez ki milkiyat dikhate hain. Jaise agar aap kehte hain "ye meri kitaab hai," to yahan "meri" ek possessive adjective hai jo batata hai ke kitaab aapki hai. Samjhe?

5. Interrogative Adjectives: Ye adjectives sawal puchte hain. Jaise which, what, whose.

Example: "Which book is yours?" Yahan "which" ek interrogative adjective hai jo sawal pooch raha hai ke kaunsi kitaab aapki hai.

Bachon, interrogative adjectives wo hote hain jo sawalon mein use hote hain. For example, agar main kehta hoon "kaunsi kitaab tumhari hai?" to yahan "kaunsi" ek interrogative adjective hai, jo sawal kehte waqt use hoti hai.

6. Numeral Adjectives: Ye adjectives humein kisi cheez ki ginti ya number batate hain. Jaise one, two, first, second.

Example: "He came first in the race." Yahan "first" ek numeral adjective hai jo batata hai ke wo pehle number par aaya.

Bachon, numeral adjectives wo hote hain jo humein number ya ginti batate hai

n. For example, agar hum kehte hain "Ali race mein pehle number par aaya," to yahan "pehle" ek numeral adjective hai jo race mein uska number batata hai.

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